Native & invasive plants of Southern California.

Dense growth and dead interior twigs can increase available fuel, especially when plants are crowded or unmanaged.

Thin crowded stems, remove dead material and maintain separation from structures and overhanging trees.

Dry flower heads and accumulated dead stems can ignite readily late in the season if not maintained.

Prune lightly after flowering, remove dead stems and avoid allowing plants to form an unbroken mass near structures.

Aromatic oils, dry flower stalks and woody interior growth can contribute to rapid fire spread when plants are dense or neglected.

Remove spent stalks and dead wood, keep plants separated and avoid placing mature shrubs directly against buildings.

Mature plants can become woody, resinous and dense, creating continuous fuel where stands are not thinned.

Reduce density, remove dead interior branches and maintain breaks between shrubs and tree canopies.

Dry stems and aromatic foliage can burn intensely when plants are oversized or crowded.

Prune for air movement, remove old flowering stalks and keep mature plants well separated from structures.

Its aromatic foliage and dry woody interior can add fuel when the plant is allowed to become large and congested.

Shape after flowering, remove dead wood and maintain generous spacing from buildings, decks and fences.

Large plants can create substantial vertical fuel and may act as ladder fuels beneath taller trees.

Raise and thin canopies carefully, remove dead limbs and prevent continuous vegetation from ground level into overhead crowns.

Dense canopies and accumulated dead twigs can carry fire, especially in continuous hedges or unmanaged thickets.

Thin selectively, remove dead interior growth and maintain clearance from roofs, eaves and combustible fencing.

Well-maintained plants can remain relatively clean, but neglected specimens may accumulate dead wood and connect surface fuels to tree canopies.

Prune out dead limbs, raise lower branches where needed and remove combustible growth beneath the canopy.

Large, dense plants can hold dead interior twigs and create heavy shrub fuel if left unmanaged.

Thin old stems, remove dead material and provide separation from neighboring shrubs and structures.

Fine branching, resinous foliage and dense stands can support rapid, high-intensity fire behavior.

Avoid retaining dense chamise close to structures; thin widely, remove dead wood and break up continuous stands.

Many species contain fine branches and volatile oils, and old plants can accumulate dead interior wood.

Remove dead wood carefully, lift low branches where appropriate and maintain wide spacing from structures and adjacent vegetation.

The canopy itself is often retained, but dead limbs, leaf litter and shrubs beneath it can create ladder fuels and ember traps.

Remove dead branches with qualified care, reduce combustible understory and avoid damaging roots or over-pruning the crown.

Dense branching and dry interior material can create heavy fuel and connect ground fire to taller vegetation.

Thin multi-stem growth, remove dead wood and create breaks between thickets and structures.

Old dry blades can accumulate inside the clump and burn rapidly if not cut back and cleaned out.

Remove dead foliage and spent stems seasonally, divide oversized clumps and keep plants away from combustible walls and fences.

Fine foliage and aromatic oils can support quick ignition, particularly when plants are dry, dense or mixed with dead annual grass.

Thin stands, remove dead material and maintain separation from structures and other shrubs.

Mature plants may contain fine twigs, oils and dead interior wood, with risk varying by species and maintenance.

Avoid severe topping, remove dead wood selectively and maintain adequate spacing from structures and adjacent crowns.

Tall, open crowns can still carry intense fire and create ladder fuels when growing beneath trees or near structures.

Thin lower growth, remove dead branches and maintain significant separation from buildings and overhead canopies.

Dense clumps accumulate large amounts of dry thatch that can ignite quickly and burn with tall flames.

Remove entire crowns and roots where feasible; repeated follow-up may be required to control resprouting and seedlings.

Dry leaves and seed heads create flashy fuel that can spread fire rapidly across slopes and disturbed ground.

Dig out crowns, remove seed heads before transport and monitor the site for new seedlings.

Dry stalks and leaf litter create heavy, vertically continuous fuel capable of producing intense fire behavior.

Control requires cutting and treating regrowth or removing rhizomes under an appropriate management plan; repeated follow-up is essential.

It can form dense woody growth and contribute ladder fuel where it grows beneath trees or against structures.

Remove before seed production, control resprouts and wear appropriate protection because all parts are toxic if ingested.

Dead stalks and dense seasonal growth can add substantial dry fuel; seeds are highly toxic if ingested.

Remove plants before seeds mature, collect seed capsules carefully and monitor for recurring seedlings.

Its dry stalks create continuous flashy fuel that can carry fire rapidly across open ground and into shrubs.

Cut or mow before seed set when conditions and regulations allow, remove excessive biomass and repeat control annually.

Once dry, the fine branching ignites readily. Windblown tumbleweeds can accumulate against fences and structures or carry burning material across roads and fuel breaks.

Remove plants before seed set, clear accumulated tumbleweeds promptly and monitor disturbed soil for new seedlings.

Dense stems and fine branching can create highly flammable shrub fuel and support rapid fire spread.

Remove small plants with roots, treat larger stumps appropriately and monitor the long-lived soil seed bank.

Fine twigs and dense growth create continuous woody fuel and can increase flame length and spread.

Pull seedlings, cut and treat mature plants under an appropriate plan and return for several seasons of follow-up.

When dry, dense stands contribute continuous fine fuel and restrict safe access for people and animals.

Mow or remove before viable seed develops, dispose of seed heads carefully and repeat control over multiple years.

Dense multi-stemmed growth, leaf litter and low branches can create heavy fuel and ladder-fuel conditions.

Cutting alone may trigger resprouting; effective control often requires root or stump treatment and follow-up monitoring.

Hanging branches, dry litter and volunteer seedlings can contribute fuel and obstruct access if the tree is not maintained.

Remove deadwood, lift low branches, clear litter and control seedlings or suckers near natural areas.

Many species produce dense twiggy growth, heavy litter and vigorous resprouts that can create substantial fuel loads.

Identify the species, remove seedlings early and plan for stump treatment or repeated resprout control on mature plants.

Dense stands can accumulate fine twigs and litter, obstruct access and create continuous fuel along drainage corridors.

Control usually requires cutting with appropriate stump treatment and repeated monitoring for resprouts and seedlings.

Peeling bark, hanging strips, oily foliage and accumulated litter can generate embers and intense fire behavior when unmanaged.

Remove loose bark and deadwood, reduce litter, separate understory fuels and assess hazardous or poorly located trees with qualified professionals.